1.制作實(shí)體芯從理論上講，覆膜砂幾乎可以生產(chǎn)所有類型，尤其是高精度鑄件的實(shí)體芯。采用濕態(tài)覆膜砂時(shí)，可直接利用熱芯盒設(shè)備和工裝制芯，而無需對原有設(shè)備和工裝做任何改變。采用干態(tài)覆膜砂時(shí)，由于其流動(dòng)性好，需對芯盒的排氣方式、射嘴及芯盒密封進(jìn)行特殊處理。可利用安息角原理（覆膜砂的安息角約30o ） ，解決射砂后排氣時(shí)覆膜砂進(jìn)入射腔和不射砂時(shí)覆膜砂自動(dòng)下落等問題。目前，采用干態(tài)覆膜砂熱芯盒制芯工藝的廠家較多。

1. making solid cores, theoretically speaking, coated sand can produce almost all types, especially the solid core of high-precision castings. When wet coated sand is used, the hot core box equipment and tooling can be made directly without any changes to the original equipment and tooling. When dry sand coated sand is used, due to its good fluidity, the exhaust mode of the core box, the sealing of the nozzle and the core box need to be specially treated. The principle of the rest angle (the rest angle of the coated sand is about 30o) can be used to solve the problem of automatic falling out of the coated sand when the coated sand enters the cavity and does not fire. At present, there are many manufacturers of dry coated sand core boxes.

2.制作殼型用覆膜砂制作殼型，常見于澆注凸輪軸等軸類零件或剎車片等盤類零件及一些表面要求高的閥類零件等。其相關(guān)參數(shù)如下：砂鐵比1：（1.5）～4；拔模斜度0.5°～1°等，殼型壁厚8～12mm。

2. the shell type made of film coated sand made of shell type is common in such parts as shafts of camshaft, such as shaft parts or brake discs, and some valve parts with high surface requirements. The relevant parameters are as follows: sand iron ratio 1: (1.5) to 4; draft angle 0.5 to 1 degrees, and shell thickness 8 ~ 12mm.

均勻的殼型壁厚可以減少覆膜砂用量，獲得均勻的鑄件組織。用覆膜砂制作殼型，可采用固定式射芯機(jī)或翻轉(zhuǎn)式射芯機(jī)，前者可用干態(tài)覆膜砂或濕態(tài)覆膜砂，后者只能選用干態(tài)覆膜砂。

Uniform shell thickness can reduce the amount of coated sand and obtain uniform casting structure. Using film coated sand to make shell type, a fixed ejection machine or a flip core machine can be used, the former can be dry state coated sand or wet coated sand, the latter can only choose dry coated sand.

3.制作殼芯用覆膜砂制作殼芯通常采用搖擺式殼芯機(jī)（如K85、K87、K89等），通過射砂、結(jié)殼、提出余砂、固化、脫膜等環(huán)節(jié)完成制芯過程。

3. the shell core used in making shell core is usually made of swing shell core (such as K85, K87, K89, etc.), and the core process is completed by shooting sand, crusting, putting forward sand, curing and removing film.

為了確保殼芯的品質(zhì)，除了要保證覆膜砂的品質(zhì)之外，還必須根據(jù)每個(gè)砂芯的具體情況來選擇合理的制芯工藝。芯盒溫度 芯盒溫度是影響殼層厚度的主要因素之一，一般控制在230-300℃，并根據(jù)下列原則選定：

In order to ensure the quality of the shell core, in addition to ensuring the quality of the coated sand, it is necessary to choose a reasonable core making process according to the specific conditions of each sand core. Core box temperature core box temperature is one of the main factors affecting shell thickness, generally controlled at 230-300 C, and selected according to the following principles:

①保證覆膜砂上的樹脂軟化及固化所需的足夠熱量；

1. Ensure enough heat for resin softening and curing on resin coated sand.

②保證形成需要的殼厚且殼芯表面不焦化；

Second, ensure the formation of the required shell thickness and the surface of the shell core is not coking.

③盡量縮短結(jié)殼及硬化時(shí)間，以提高生產(chǎn)率。射砂壓力及時(shí)間 射砂壓力應(yīng)根據(jù)砂芯的形狀及復(fù)雜程度而定，以能使芯砂緊密地 充填芯盒為宜。壓力過高時(shí)，易使砂芯出現(xiàn)縮頸和跑砂現(xiàn)象；壓力過低時(shí)，砂芯易出現(xiàn)疏松現(xiàn)象。射砂時(shí)間過長，易使已結(jié)殼的型殼滑移，造成結(jié)殼很??；時(shí)間過短則砂芯不能成型。射砂壓力一般為0.15～0.4MPa，射砂時(shí)間一般控制在3～10s。結(jié)殼時(shí)間 結(jié)殼時(shí)間的長短取決于砂芯殼厚，殼厚由砂芯在運(yùn)輸、組芯及澆注時(shí)的強(qiáng)度要求而定。在覆膜砂品質(zhì)一定的前提下，殼層越厚強(qiáng)度越高。殼厚6～8mm時(shí)，結(jié)殼時(shí)間10～30s，殼厚10mm時(shí)，結(jié)殼時(shí)間20～65s。搖擺倒砂時(shí)間 殼芯機(jī)在結(jié)殼階段結(jié)束后，將芯盒射砂口朝下，以45o 角的幅度左 右搖擺，倒掉未結(jié)殼的余砂。該段時(shí)間可根據(jù)砂芯外形復(fù)雜程度及射砂口的布置情況來確定，以倒凈為宜，一般為5-10s。硬化時(shí)間 為了使砂殼充分硬化，砂芯應(yīng)持續(xù)在加熱的芯盒中硬化，硬化時(shí)間可根據(jù)殼厚及芯盒溫度而定。時(shí)間過短，殼層未完全固化則強(qiáng)度低些；時(shí)間過長，砂芯表層易燒焦。一般控制在20-100s。

3. Shorten crusts and hardening time to increase productivity. The sand shooting pressure and time shooting pressure should be determined according to the shape and complexity of the sand core, so that the core sand can be tightly packed into the core box. When the pressure is too high, it is easy for the sand core to form necking and sand running phenomenon; when the pressure is too low, the sand core tends to loose. The long time of sand shooting makes it easy for the shell to slip and cause the shell to be very thin. When the time is too short, the sand core can not be formed. The sand injection pressure is generally 0.15 to 0.4MPa and the sand shooting time is generally controlled at 3 to 10s. The length of crusting time depends on the thickness of the core shell, and the thickness of the shell depends on the strength requirement of the sand core during transportation, core assembly and pouring. Under the premise of certain quality of coated sand, the thicker the shell is, the higher the strength is. When the shell thickness is between 6 and 8mm, the crusting time is 10 to 30s and the shell thickness is 10mm, and the crusting time is 20 to 65s. When the shell core stage is finished, the core box will shoot down to the bottom and swing at the amplitude of the 45o angle to empty the remaining sand. The period can be determined according to the complexity of the sand core and the layout of the sand discharge port, so that it is advisable to pour the net, generally 5-10S. In order to harden the sand shell, the sand core should be hardened continuously in the heated core box, and the hardening time can be determined according to the shell thickness and the temperature of the core box. When the time is too short, the shell is not completely solidified, but the strength is low. The general control is in the 20-100s.